#5g spectral efficiency mac#Whereas user plane split happens at MAC for CA, it happens at PDCP for DC. DC allows a UE to connect to two different cells possibly served by different gNBs. Supported since LTE Release 12, Dual Connectivity ( DC) is enhanced in 5G. For example, low band FDD with DSS can be used in uplink for better coverage and a high band TDD in downlink for higher throughput and capacity. CA allows operators to achieve better capacity, throughput and coverage in mid-band and high-band spectra. Multiple carriers within the same band or across bands can be combined to serve a single UE. Supported since LTE Release 10, Carrier Aggregation ( CA) is enhanced in 5G. Instead of statically re-farming the spectrum, DSS allows operators to dynamically migrate more spectrum from 4G to 5G as more 5G users come into the system. Called Dynamic Spectrum Sharing ( DSS), this is an attractive option for operators who don't have licensed 5G spectrum yet. It's possible for 5G to share 4G spectrum.
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